absent
音标发音
- 英式音标 ['æbs(ə)nt]
- 美式音标 [ˈæb.sənt]
- 国际音标 ['æbsənt, æb'sent]
- 英式发音
- 美式发音
基本解释
- adj. 缺席的；缺少的；心不在焉的；茫然的
- vt. 使缺席
词源解说
- 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自中世纪法语的absent；最初源自拉丁语的absentem，意为离开的原因。
词根记忆
- ab(离去) + sent(送)→送走→不在场的
- ab(离去) + sent(送)→送走→不在的
同根派生
- adv性质的同根词
- absently：心不在焉地。
- n性质的同根词
- absence：没有；缺乏；缺席；不注意。
- absenteeism：旷工；旷课；有计划的怠工；经常无故缺席。
- absentee：缺席者。
- absentmindedness：恍惚；心不在焉。
用法辨析
- absent的基本意思是“缺席的,不在场的”,在句中可用作定语或表语。用作表语时常与介词from连用,有时还可接动名词,主语一般为人。
- absent作“没有的,缺乏的”解是正式用法,在句中多用作表语,常与介词from连用,主语一般为物。
- absent作“心不在焉的,走神的”解时,指思想不能集中于当前的事情。
- absent不用于比较等级。
- absent前加定冠词the可用作名词,意思是“缺席的人”。
- absent用作及物动词时常接反身代词作宾语,其后常接from引起的介词短语。absent偶尔也可用作不及物动词。
- 指某人不在某地用absent from，如absent from Shanghai意为“不在上海”，而说某人absent in Shanghai时，则是指“在上海”；
- 涉及到不会动的东西时，absent in ...意为“不在……里”或“在……里没有”，可参考absence， 但是有特例。Prejudice is absent from his mind. 句中习惯用from，因成见虽不会动，但会自己产生和消灭。
adj. (形容词)
v. (动词)
英汉例句
- After the party he telephoned his absent friends.
晚会后他打电话给没有赴约的朋友。 - Three members of the class are absent today.
班上今天有三人缺席。 - He was absent at roll call.
他点名时不在。 - The absent are never without fault, nor the present without excuse.
不在场的人总有错,在场的人总有理。 - Many absented this afternoon, appearing neither in person nor proxy.
这天下午许多人没有到场,既不见他们本人也不见他们的代表。 - Saying “ Would you please excuse me for a minute”, he absented himself.
说着“对不起,我要出去一下”,他就离开了。
用作形容词 (adj.)
用作定语: ～+ n.
用作表语: S+be+～
S+be+～+ prep. -phrase
其他
用作动词 (v.)
用作不及物动词: S+～(+A)
用作及物动词: S+～+oneself
词组短语
- absent expression 茫然的表情
- absent friends 不在场的朋友们;不在场的朋友;缺席的朋友
- absent look 神不守舍的样子
- absent stare 茫然的呆视
- absent way 茫然
- absent at roll call 点名时不在
用作形容词 (adj.)
～+名词
～+介词
英英字典
- (NOT PRESENT) not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at school or work
- (NOT EXISTING) not existing
- (NOT PAYING ATTENTION) used to describe a person or the expression on a person's face when they are thinking about other things and are not paying attention to what is happening near them
- without
- to not go to a place where you are expected to be, especially a school or place of work
- If someone or something is absent from a place or situation where they should be or where they usually are, they are not there.
- If someone appears absent, they are not paying attention because they are thinking about something else.
- absently
- An absent parent does not live with his or her children.
- If you say that absent one thing, another thing will happen, you mean that if the first thing does not happen, the second thing will happen.
剑桥英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
专业释义
- 缺失
- 不存在
- 缺席的